The following is a list of zombie short films and other zombie- and undead-related projects. Have evolved, such as the 'zombie comedy' or the 'zombie apocalypse'. 1 Short films and anthology segments; 2 Series; 3 Miscellaneous. 'The Zombeatles and undead fans infest Frequency to shoot mockumentary' (News). Check out the official trailer for Infection starring Ruben Guevara! Let us know what you think in the comments.
.A zombie (: zombi,: zonbi) is a fictional being created through the reanimation of a. Zombies are most commonly found in and genre works. The term comes from, in which a zombie is a dead body reanimated through various methods, most commonly. Modern depictions of the reanimation of the dead do not necessarily involve magic but often invoke methods such as, mental diseases, scientific accidents, etc.The word 'zombie' was first recorded in 1819, in a history of by the poet, in the form of 'zombi'. The gives the as West African and compares it to the words nzambi (god) and zumbi. A -to-Portuguese dictionary from 1903 defines the related word nzumbi as soul, while a later Kimbundu–Portuguese dictionary defines it as being a 'spirit that is supposed to wander the earth to torment the living'.One of the first books to expose Western culture to the concept of the voodoo zombie was The Magic Island (1929).
This is the sensationalized account of a narrator who encounters cults in and their resurrected thralls. Commented that the book 'introduced 'zombi' into U.S. Zombies have a complex literary heritage, with antecedents ranging from and to 's drawing on European folklore of the. Directed (1932), a horror film starring.
Here zombies are depicted as mindless, unthinking henchmen under the spell of an evil magician. Zombies, often still using this voodoo-inspired rationale, were initially uncommon in cinema, but their appearances continued sporadically through the 1930s to the 1960s, with films including (1943) and (1959).A new version of the zombie, inspired by, but distinct from, that described in Haitian folklore, emerged in popular culture during the latter half of the 20th century. This interpretation of the zombie is drawn largely from 's film (1968), which was in turn partly inspired by 's novel (1954). The word zombie is not used in Night of the Living Dead, but was applied later by fans. The monsters in the film and its sequels, such as (1979) and (1985), as well as its many inspired works, such as (1985) and (1979), are usually, although Return of the Living Dead introduced the popular concept of zombies eating brains.
The ' concept, in which the civilized world is brought low by a global zombie infestation, has since become a staple of modern popular art. After such as Dawn of the Dead (1978) and 's music video (1983), the genre waned for some years.In the Far East during the late 1990s, the Japanese zombie video games and led to a resurgence of zombies in popular culture. Additionally, The House of the Dead introduced a new type of zombie distinct from Romero's slow zombies: the fast-running zombie.
These games were followed by a wave of low-budget Asian such as the (1998) and action film (2000), and then a new wave of Western zombie films in the early 2000s, including films featuring fast-running zombies such as (2002), the and films, and the 2004, while the British film (2004) was in the zombie comedy subgenre.The late 2000s and 2010s saw the humanization. Notable examples of the latter include movies and, novels by, by Daniel Waters, and by, animated movie, TV series and, and /novel/ series and In this context, zombies are often seen as stand-ins for discriminated groups struggling for equality, and the human–zombie romantic relationship is interpreted as a metaphor for sexual liberation and taboo breaking (given that zombies are subject to wild desires and free from social conventions). Contents.EtymologyThe word 'zombie' is first recorded in 1819, in a history of by the poet, in the form of 'zombi', actually referring to the Afro-Brazilian rebel leader named and the etymology of his name in 'nzambi'. The gives the origin of the word as Central African and compares it to the words 'nzambi' (god) and 'zumbi' (fetish).In, a zombie (: zombi,: zonbi) is an raised by magical means, such as.The concept has been popularly associated with the, but it plays no part in that faith's formal practices.How the creatures in contemporary zombie films came to be called 'zombies' is not fully clear.
The film Night of the Living Dead made no spoken reference to its undead antagonists as 'zombies', describing them instead as ' (though ghouls, which derive from Arabic folklore, are demons, not undead). Although George Romero used the term 'ghoul' in his original scripts, in later interviews he used the term 'zombie'. The word 'zombie' is used exclusively by Romero in his script for his sequel (1978), including once in dialog. According to George Romero, film critics were influential in associating the term 'zombie' to his creatures, and especially the French magazine. He eventually accepted this linkage, even though he remained convinced at the time that 'zombies' corresponded to the undead slaves of Haitian voodoo as depicted in with. Folk beliefs Haitian tradition. A depiction of a zombie, at twilight, in a field of sugar caneZombies are featured widely in Haitian rural folklore as dead persons physically revived by the act of of a, a sorcerer or witch.
The bokor is opposed by the (priest) and the (priestess) of the formal. A zombie remains under the control of the bokor as a personal slave, having no will of its own.The Haitian tradition also includes an incorporeal type of zombie, the 'zombie ', which is a part of the human. A bokor can capture a zombie astral to enhance his spiritual power. A zombie astral can also be sealed inside a specially decorated bottle by a bokor and sold to a client to bring luck, healing, or business success. It is believed that God eventually will reclaim the zombie's soul, so the zombie is a temporary spiritual entity.The two types of zombie reflect, a. Each type of legendary zombie is therefore missing one half of its soul (the flesh or the spirit).The zombie belief has its roots in traditions brought to Haiti by enslaved Africans and their subsequent experiences in the New World.
It was thought that the voodoo deity would gather them from their grave to bring them to a heavenly afterlife in Africa ('), unless they had offended him in some way, in which case they would be forever a slave after death, as a zombie. A zombie could also be saved.
English professor has written that the modern concept of Zombies was strongly influenced. Slave drivers on the plantations, who were usually slaves themselves and sometimes voodoo priests, used the fear of zombification to discourage slaves from committing suicide.While most scholars have associated the Haitian zombie with African cultures, a connection has also been suggested to the island's indigenous, partly based on an early account of native practices written by the Hieronymite monk, a companion of.The Haitian zombie phenomenon first attracted widespread international attention during the (1915–1934), when a number of of purported 'zombies' began to emerge. The first popular book covering the topic was 's The Magic Island (1929). Seabrooke cited Article 246 of the Haitian, which was passed in 1864, asserting that it was an official recognition of zombies. This passage was later used in promotional materials for the 1932 film.Also shall be qualified as attempted murder the employment which may be made by any person of substances which, without causing actual death, produce a lethargic coma more or less prolonged. If, after the administering of such substances, the person has been buried, the act shall be considered murder no matter what result follows.
The actor as Frankenstein's Monster in an 1823 stage production of the novelby, while not a zombie novel in particular, prefigures many 20th-century ideas about zombies in that the resurrection of the dead is portrayed as a scientific process rather than a mystical one, and that the resurrected dead are degraded and more violent than their living selves. Frankenstein, published in 1818, has its roots in European folklore, whose tales of vengeful dead also informed the evolution of the modern conception of the. Later notable 19th-century stories about the avenging undead included 's ' and various tales. Though their works could not be properly considered zombie fiction, the supernatural tales of Bierce and Poe would prove influential on later writers such as, by Lovecraft's own admission.In the 1920s and early 1930s, the American horror author H. Lovecraft wrote several that explored the undead theme.
', ', and ' all deal with the undead, but Lovecraft's (1921) 'helped define zombies in popular culture'. This series of short stories featured, a who attempts to revive human corpses with mixed results. Notably, the resurrected dead are uncontrollable, mostly mute, primitive and extremely violent; though they are not referred to as zombies, their portrayal was prescient, anticipating the modern conception of zombies by several decades.
similarly depicted animated corpses in the of his, again without ever using the terms 'zombie' or 'undead'.Avenging zombies would feature prominently in the early 1950s, which would later claim as an influence. The comics, including, Vault of Horror and Weird Science, featured avenging undead in the Gothic tradition quite regularly, including adaptations of Lovecraft's stories, which included 'In the Vault', 'Cool Air' and Herbert West–Reanimator.' S 1954 novel, although classified as a vampire story, would nonetheless have a definitive impact on the zombie genre by way of. The novel and its 1964 film adaptation, which concern a lone human survivor waging war against a world of vampires, would by Romero's own admission greatly influence his 1968 low-budget film, a work that would prove to be more influential on the concept of zombies than any literary or cinematic work before it.A popular evolution of the zombie is the 'fast zombie' or running zombie. In contrast to Romero's classic slow zombies, 'fast zombies' can run, are more aggressive, and often more intelligent.
This type of zombie has origins in 1990s video games. In 1996, 's video game featured zombie dogs that run towards the player. Later the same year, 's shooter introduced running human zombies, who run towards the player. The running human zombies introduced in video games became the basis for the 'fast zombies' that became popular in zombie films during the early 21st century, starting with (2002), the and films, and the 2004. See also:Films featuring zombies have been a part of cinema since the 1930s, with (directed by in 1932) being one of the earliest examples.
With 's (1968), the zombie trope began to be increasingly linked to consumerism and consumer culture. Today, zombie films are released with such regularity (at least 55 films were released in 2014 alone ) that they can be viewed as a separate subgenre of.Voodoo-related zombie themes have also appeared in espionage or adventure-themed works outside the horror genre.
For example, the original ' series (1964) and the novel and movie both feature Caribbean villains who falsely claim the voodoo power of zombification in order to keep others in fear of them.George A. Romero and the modern zombie film (1968–1985). A young zombie (Kyra Schon) feeding on human flesh, from Night of the Living Dead (1968)The modern conception of the zombie owes itself almost entirely to 's 1968 film. In his films, Romero 'bred the zombie with the vampire, and what he got was the hybrid vigour of a ghoulish plague monster'.
This entailed an apocalyptic vision of monsters that have come to be known as.of the chided theater owners and parents who allowed children access to the film. 'I don't think the younger kids really knew what hit them', complained Ebert, 'They were used to going to movies, sure, and they'd seen some horror movies before, sure, but this was something else.' According to Ebert, the film affected the audience immediately:The kids in the audience were stunned.
There was almost complete silence. The movie had stopped being delightfully scary about halfway through, and had become unexpectedly terrifying. There was a little girl across the aisle from me, maybe nine years old, who was sitting very still in her seat and crying.Romero's reinvention of zombies is notable in terms of its thematics; he used zombies not just for their own sake, but as a vehicle 'to criticize real-world social ills—such as government ineptitude, bioengineering, slavery, greed and exploitation—while indulging our post-apocalyptic fantasies'. Night was the first of six films in Romero's. Its first sequel, was released in 1978.' S was released just months after Dawn of the Dead as an ersatz sequel ( Dawn of the Dead was released in several other countries as Zombi or Zombie).
Dawn of the Dead was the most commercially successful zombie film for decades, up until the zombie revival of the 2000s. The 1981 film referenced a mutagenic gas as a source of zombie contagion: an idea also used in 's 1985 film. Return of the Living Dead featured zombies that hungered specifically for brains.Relative decline in the Western world (1985–1995)Zombie films in the 1980s and 1990s were not as commercially successful as Dawn of the Dead in the late 1970s. The mid-1980s produced few zombie films of note. Perhaps the most notable entry, the series, while highly influential, are not technically zombie films, but films about, despite the presence of the undead.
1985's, loosely based on the Lovecraft story, stood out in the genre, achieving nearly unanimous critical acclaim and becoming a modest success, nearly outstripping Romero's for box office returns.After the mid-1980s, the subgenre was mostly relegated to the underground. Notable entries include director 's ultra-gory film (1992) (released as Dead Alive in the U.S.), 's comic 1993 film, where a self-aware high-school boy returns to profess his love for a girl and his love for human flesh, and Michele Soavi's (1994) (released as Cemetery Man in the U.S.).Early Asian zombie films (1985–1995)In 1980s, the Chinese, a zombie-like creature dating back to era of the 18th and 19th centuries, were featured in a wave of, popularised by (1985). Hong Kong jiangshi films were popular in the Far East from the mid-1980s to early 1990s.Prior to the 1990s, there were not many related to what may be considered in the West as a zombie film. Early films such as (1988) feature little gore and no cannibalism, but it is about the dead returning to life looking for love rather than a story of apocalyptic destruction. One of the earliest Japanese zombie films with considerable gore and violence was (1991). Zombie revival in the Far East (1996–2001).
See also:According to in the book (2011), the 'zombie revival began in the Far East' during the late 1990s, largely inspired by two Japanese zombie games released in 1996: 's, which started the that went on to sell 24 million copies worldwide by 2006, and 's arcade shooter. The success of these two 1996 zombie games inspired a wave of Asian zombie films. From the late 1990s, zombies experienced a renaissance in low-budget, with a sudden spate of dissimilar entries, including (1998), (1999), (1999), (2000) and (2001).Most Japanese zombie films emerged in the wake of Resident Evil, such as, and, all from 2000. The zombie films released after Resident Evil behaved similarly to the zombie films of the 1970s, except that they were influenced by zombie video games, which inspired them to dwell more on the action compared to older Romero films. Worldwide zombie film revival (2001–2008)The zombie revival, which began in the Far East, eventually went global, following the worldwide success of the Japanese zombie games.
Resident Evil in particular sparked a revival of the zombie genre in popular culture, leading to a renewed global interest in zombie films during the early 2000s. In addition to being adapted into the and films from 2002 onwards, the original video games themselves also inspired zombie films such as (2002) and (2004). This led to the revival of zombie films in global popular culture.The turn of the millennium coincided with a decade of box-office successes in which the zombie subgenre experienced a resurgence: the Resident Evil movies (2002–2016), the British films 28 Days Later and (2007), the (2004), and the comedies Shaun of the Dead and (2008).
The new interest allowed Romero to create the fourth entry in his zombie series:, released in the summer of 2005. Romero returned to the series with the films (2008) and (2010). Generally, the zombies in these shows are the, first made popular in Night of the Living Dead.
The Resident Evil films, 28 Days Later and the Dawn of the Dead remake all set box-office records for the zombie genre, reaching levels of commercial success not seen since the original Dawn of the Dead in 1978.Motion pictures created in the 2000s, like 28 Days Later, the House of the Dead and Resident Evil films, and the Dawn of the Dead remake, have featured zombies that are more agile, vicious, intelligent, and stronger than the traditional zombie. These new type of zombie, the fast-running zombie, has origins in video games, with Resident Evil 's running zombie dogs and especially The House of the Dead game's running human zombies. Continued film success and zombie TV series (2008–2015)The success of Shaun of the Dead led to more successful zombie comedies during the late 2000s to early 2010s, such as (2009) and (2012). By 2011, the Resident Evil film adaptations had also become the highest-grossing, after they grossed more than $1 billion worldwide.
In 2013, the series had the highest audience ratings in the United States for any show on broadcast or cable with an average of 5.6 million viewers in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic. The film became the highest-grossing zombie film, and one of the highest-grossing films of 2013.At the same time, starting from the mid-2000s, a new type of zombie film has been growing in popularity: the one in which zombies are portrayed as humanlike in appearance and behavior, retaining the personality traits they had in life, and becoming friends or even romantic partners for humans rather than a threat for humanity. Notable examples of human–zombie romance include the stop-motion animated movie, live-action movies, and, and TV series.
According to zombie scholar Scott Rogers, 'what we are seeing in Pushing Daisies, Warm Bodies, and iZombie is in many ways the same transformation of the zombies that we have witnessed with vampires since the 1931 represented Dracula as essentially human—a significant departure from the monstrous representation in the 1922 film '. Rogers also notes the accompanying visual transformation of the living dead: while the 'traditional' zombies are marked by noticeable disfigurement and decomposition, the 'romantic' zombies show little or no such traits. Relative decline (2015–present)In the late 2010s, zombie films began declining in popularity, with films gradually taking their place, such as (2015), (2016), (2018) and (2018). An exception is the low-budget Japanese zombie comedy (2017), which became a sleeper hit in Japan, and it made box office history by earning over a thousand times its budget. One Cut of the Dead also received worldwide acclaim, with stating that it 'reanimates the moribund zombie genre with a refreshing blend of formal daring and clever satire'.The 'romantic zombie' angle still remains popular, however: the late 2010s saw the release of the TV series and, as well as the 2018 (its sequel, is scheduled for release in 2020).Zombie apocalypse. Main article:Intimately tied to the concept of the modern zombie is the 'zombie apocalypse': the breakdown of society as a result of an initial zombie outbreak that spreads. This has emerged as a prolific subgenre of and has been portrayed in many zombie-related media after Night of the Living Dead.
In a zombie apocalypse, a widespread (usually global) rise of zombies hostile to human life engages in a general assault on civilization. Victims of zombies may become zombies themselves.
This causes the outbreak to become an exponentially growing crisis: the spreading phenomenon swamps normal military and law-enforcement organizations, leading to the panicked collapse of civilized society until only isolated pockets of survivors remain, scavenging for food and supplies in a world reduced to a pre-industrial hostile wilderness. Possible causes for zombie behavior in a modern population can be attributed to viruses, bacteria or other phenomena that reduce the mental capacity of humans, causing them to behave in a very primitive and destructive fashion.SubtextThe usual subtext of the zombie apocalypse is that civilization is inherently vulnerable to the unexpected, and that. The narrative of a zombie apocalypse carries strong connections to the turbulent social landscape of the United States in the 1960s, when Night of the Living Dead provided an indirect commentary on the dangers of conformity, a theme also explored in the novel (1954) and associated film (1956). Many also feel that zombies allow people to deal with their own anxieties about the end of the world.
One scholar concluded that 'more than any other monster, zombies are fully and literally apocalyptic. They signal the end of the world as we have known it'. While zombie apocalypse scenarios are secular, they follow a religious pattern based on Christian ideas of an end-times war and messiah., who starred in and co-wrote the 2004 zombie comedy film, wrote that zombies were the 'most potent metaphorical monster'. According to Pegg, whereas represent sex, zombies represent death: 'Slow and steady in their approach, weak, clumsy, often absurd, the zombie relentlessly closes in, unstoppable, intractable.' He expressed his dislike for depictions of fast zombies and argued that zombies should be slow-moving and inept; just as a healthy diet and exercise can delay death, zombies are easy to avoid, but not forever. He also argued that this was essential to making them 'oddly sympathetic.
To create tragic anti-heroes. To be pitied, empathised with, even rooted for.
The moment they appear angry or petulant, the second they emit furious velociraptor screeches (as opposed to the correct mournful moans of longing), they cease to possess any ambiguity. They are simply mean.' Story elements. Portrays a zombie in.
Initial contacts with zombies are extremely dangerous and traumatic, causing shock, panic, disbelief and possibly denial, hampering survivors' ability to deal with hostile encounters. The response of authorities to the threat is slower than its rate of growth, giving the zombie plague time to expand beyond containment. This results in the collapse of the given society. Zombies take full control, while small groups of the living must fight for their survival.The stories usually follow a single group of survivors, caught up in the sudden rush of the crisis. The narrative generally progresses from the onset of the zombie plague, then initial attempts to seek the aid of authorities, the failure of those authorities, through to the sudden catastrophic collapse of all large-scale organization and the characters' subsequent attempts to survive on their own.
Such stories are often squarely focused on the way their characters react to such an extreme catastrophe, and how their personalities are changed by the stress, often acting on more primal motivations (fear, self-preservation) than they would display in normal life. In print and literature. See also:In the 1990s, zombie fiction emerged as a distinct literary subgenre, with the publication of (1990) and its follow-up Still Dead: Book of the Dead 2 (1992), both edited by horror authors and Craig Spector. Featuring Romero-inspired stories from the likes of, the Book of the Dead compilations are regarded as influential in the horror genre and perhaps the first true 'zombie literature'. Horror novelist has written about zombies, including his short story ' (1990) and his novel (2006), concerning a struggling young artist on a trek from Boston to in hopes of saving his family from a possible worldwide outbreak of zombie-like maniacs.' S novel (2006) became a. Brooks had previously authored (2003), a zombie-themed parody of pop-fiction survival guides.
Brooks has said that zombies are so popular because 'Other monsters may threaten individual humans, but the living dead threaten the entire human race. Zombies are slate wipers.' 's mashup novel (2009) combines the full text of 's (1813) with a story about a zombie epidemic within the novel's period setting. In 2009, Katy Hershbereger of stated: 'In the world of traditional horror, nothing is more popular right now than zombies. The living dead are here to stay.' 2000s and 2010s were marked by a decidedly new type of zombie novel, in which zombies retain their humanity and become friends or even romantic partners for humans; critics largely attribute this trend to the influence of 's series.
One of the most prominent examples is by Daniel Waters, featuring undead teenagers struggling for equality with the living and a human protagonist falling in love with their leader. Other novels of this period involving human–zombie romantic relationships include by, by, by Steven Erikson, and 's Die for Me series; much earlier examples, dating back to the 1980s, are by. In anime and mangaThere has been a growth in the number of zombie in the last decade, and in a list of '10 Great Zombie Manga', 's Jason Thompson placed at number 1, considering it 'probably the greatest zombie manga ever'. In second place was Living Corpse, and in third was, which he called 'the greatest science-fiction virus zombie manga ever'. During the late 2000s and early 2010s, there were several manga and series that humanized zombies by presenting them as protagonists or love interests, such as and (both debuted in 2009).was adapted into a film in 2014.
In artArtist has made several works of video art involving zombies and exhibited them in her 2006 show 'Horror Make-Up', which debuted on 8 September 2006 at Art Moving Projects, a gallery in,.Artist Karim Charredib has dedicated his work to the zombie figure. In 2007, he made a video installation at Villa Savoye called 'Them!!!' , wherein zombies walked in the villa like tourists. In video gaming. See also: andThe release of two 1996 horror games 's and 's sparked an international craze for zombie games.
In 2013, said that it was the video games Resident Evil and House of the Dead 'more than anything else' that popularised zombies in early 21st-century popular culture. The modern fast-running zombies have origins in these games, with Resident Evil 's running zombie dogs and especially House of the Dead 's running human zombies, which later became a staple of modern zombie films.Zombies went on to become a popular theme for video games, particularly in the, and genres. Important horror fiction media franchises in this area include, and the Zombies game modes from the title series.
A series of games has also been released based on the widely popular TV show, first aired in 2010.' , a humorous game, was an hit in 2009, featuring in several best-of lists at the end of that year. The, a free grid-based browser game where zombies and survivors fight for control of a ruined city, is one of the most popular games of its type., a zombie-based for, was responsible for over 300,000 unit sales of its parent game within two months of its release. Main article:On 18 May 2011, the United States' (CDC) published a graphic novel Preparedness 101: Zombie Apocalypse providing tips to survive a zombie invasion as a 'fun new way of teaching the importance of emergency preparedness'. The CDC goes on to summarize cultural references to a zombie apocalypse. It uses these to underscore the value of laying in water, food, medical supplies, and other necessities in preparation for any and all potential, be they hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, or hordes of zombies.On 17 October 2011, in the United States published an article 'How To Weather the Zombie Apocalypse', which included a fictional interview with a Director of Research at the CDD, the 'Center for Disease Development'.
Questions answered include 'How does the temperature affect zombies' abilities? Do they run faster in warmer temperatures? Do they freeze if it gets too cold?' In 2011, the US government drafted, a training exercise detailing a strategy to defend against a zombie attack.In music's music video (1983), in which he dances with a troop of zombies, has been preserved as a cultural treasure by the Library of Congress'. Many pop-culture media have paid tribute to this video, such as a gathering of 14,000 university students dressed as zombies in Mexico City, and 1500 prisoners in orange jumpsuits recreating the zombie dance in.The hip hop trio incorporate many tropes from zombie fiction and play on the theme of a zombie apocalypse in their music. They portray themselves as 'living dead', describing their use of such as and as having caused them to experience and rebirth.In social activism.
Main articles: andThe zombie also appears as a metaphor in protest songs, symbolizing mindless adherence to authority, particularly in law enforcement and the armed forces. Well-known examples include 's 1976 album and ' 1994 single '.Organized have been staged, either as performance art or as part of protests that parody political extremism or apathy.A variation of the zombie walk is the zombie run. Here participants do a wearing a belt with several flag 'lives'. If the chasing zombies capture all of the flags, the runner becomes 'infected'. If he or she reaches the finish line, which may involve wide detours, ahead of the zombies, then the participant is a 'survivor'. In either case an appropriate participation medal is awarded. In theoretical academic studiesResearchers have used theoretical zombie infections to test epidemiology modeling.
One study found that all humans end up turned or dead. This is because the main epidemiological risk of zombies, besides the difficulties of neutralizing them, is that their population just keeps increasing; generations of humans merely 'surviving' still have a tendency to feed zombie populations, resulting in gross outnumbering. The researchers explain that their methods of modelling may be applicable to the spread of political views or diseases with dormant infection.Adam Chodorow of the at investigated the and implications of a zombie apocalypse under and state tax codes. Neuroscientists Bradley Voytek and Timothy Verstynen have built a side career in extrapolating how ideas in neuroscience would theoretically apply to zombie brains.
Their work has been featured in Forbes, New York Magazine, and other publications. See alsoWikimedia Commons has media related to.
(a combination of 'smartphone' and 'zombie'). a fungus that creates so-called 'zombie ants' or more generally,.References.
Running time128 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$50 millionBox office$189.8 millionOutbreak is a 1995 American directed by and based on 's nonfiction book. It stars, and, and co-stars, and.The film focuses on an outbreak of a fictional -like Motaba virus, in and later in a small town in the United States. It is primarily set in the and the and the fictional town of Cedar Creek, California. Outbreak 's plot speculates how far military and civilian agencies might go to contain the spread of a deadly, contagious disease.The film, released on March 10, 1995, was a box-office success and Spacey won two awards for his performance. A real-life outbreak of the Ebola virus was occurring in Zaire when the film was released. Contents.Plot “The single biggest threat to man's continued dominance on the planet is the virus.”—, Ph.D., Nobel laureate, Film introduction: 'Outbreak' (1995)In 1967, during the a virus called Motaba, which causes a, is discovered in the jungle. To keep the virus a secret, officers Donald McClintock and Billy Ford destroy the camp where soldiers were infected.
Twenty-eight years later, Colonel Sam Daniels, a virologist, is sent to investigate an outbreak in. He and his crew—Lieutenant Colonel Casey Schuler and new recruit Major Salt—gather information and return to the United States. Ford, now a brigadier general and Daniels' superior officer, dismisses the latter's fears that the virus will spread.Betsy, a monkey that is host to the virus, is smuggled into the country. James 'Jimbo' Scott, a worker at an laboratory, is infected when he steals Betsy to sell on the. Jimbo fails to sell Betsy to Rudy Alvarez (who also becomes infected), a pet-store owner in the coastal- village of Cedar Creek.
After releasing the monkey in the woods outside of the nearby community of Palisades, he develops symptoms on a flight to and infects his girlfriend, Alice. Their illness is investigated by Dr.
Roberta Keough, a scientist and Daniels' ex-wife. Jimbo, Alice, and Rudy die, but Keough determines that no one else in Boston was infected.A hospital technician in Cedar Creek is infected when he accidentally breaks the vial of Rudy's blood. The virus quickly mutates into a strain capable of spreading like, becoming airborne and causing a number of people to be infected in a movie theater. Daniels flies to Cedar Creek against Ford's orders, joining Keough's team with Schuler and Salt. As they begin a search for the monkey, the Army quarantines the town and imposes. Schuler is infected when his suit tears, and Keough accidentally sticks herself with a contaminated needle while treating him.When Ford provides an experimental serum which cures the original strain, Daniels realizes that he was aware of the virus before the outbreak.
Daniels learns about Operation Clean Sweep, a plan for the military to contain the virus by bombing Cedar Creek, incinerating the town and its residents, ostensibly to prevent Motaba's expansion to pandemic proportions. However, McClintock, now a major general, plans to use the operation to conceal the virus's existence so it can be preserved for use as a.To prevent Daniels from finding a cure, McClintock orders him arrested for carrying the virus. Daniels escapes, and he and Salt fly a helicopter to the ship at sea which carried Betsy.
Daniels obtains a picture of Betsy and releases it to the media; a Palisades resident, Mrs. Jeffries, realizes that her daughter Kate has been playing with Betsy in their yard and calls the CDC. Daniels and Salt arrive at the Jeffries' house, and Salt tranquilizes Betsy after Kate coaxes her out of hiding in the woods nearby. When he learns from Daniels about Betsy's capture, Ford delays the bombing.On their return flight, Daniels and Salt are chased by McClintock in another helicopter, and Salt fires two rockets into the trees to deceive him into thinking that they crashed. Once back in Cedar Creek, Salt mixes Betsy's with Ford's serum to create an; although Schuler has died, they save Keough.
McClintock returns to base and resumes Operation Clean Sweep, refusing to listen to Ford. Daniels and Salt fly their helicopter directly into the path of the bomber's approach to its target. With Ford's help, Daniels persuades the bomber's flight crew to detonate the bomb over water and spare the town. Before McClintock can order another bombing, Ford relieves him of command and orders his arrest. Daniels and Keough reconcile, and Cedar Creek's residents are cured.Cast. as Colonel Sam Daniels, MD.
as Dr. Roberta 'Robby' Keough, MD.
as Brigadier General Billy Ford, MD. as Major General Donald 'Donnie' McClintock. as Lieutenant Colonel Casey Schuler, MD. as Major Salt, MD. as James 'Jimbo' Scott.
as Dr. Benjamin Iwabi. Malick Bowens as Dr. Raswani. as Dr. Lisa Aronson.
as Dr. Julio Ruiz. as Dr. Mascelli. Leland Hayward III as Henry Seward.
Daniel Chodos as Rudy Alvarez. as Lieutenant Colonel Briggs. Kara Keough as Kate Jeffries. Gina Menza as Mrs. Jeffries. Per Didrik Fasmer as Mr.
Jeffries. as Sandman One. Michael Emanuel as Sandman One co-pilot. Kellie Overbey as Alice. asProduction Scenes in 'Cedar Creek' were filmed in, where tanks and helicopters were a common feature of daily life during nearly two months of filming.
Other locations used were and.Producer has stated that it was due to the production of Outbreak that her film adaptation of was dropped by, despite having, in her words, 'the better package. The better script'.
She also claimed that director tried to entice, who was already cast for her film, to be a part of Outbreak, based on Redford's call to her. Obst would eventually have her adaptation of the book, but greenlit as by, which premiered in May 2019. Release Box office Outbreak topped the U.S.
Box-office list its opening weekend with earnings of $13,420,387, and spent three weeks at number one before 's release. The film, which grossed $67,659,560 domestically and $122,200,000 internationally, was a commercial success. Critical reception Outbreak received mixed reviews from critics.
According to review aggregator, 59% of 59 critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 5.78 out of 10. The consensus states: 'A frustratingly uneven all-star disaster drama, Outbreak ultimately proves only mildly contagious and leaves few lasting side effects.' On, the film has a weighted average score of 65 out of 100 based on 20 critic reviews, indicating 'generally favorable reviews'.
Audiences polled by gave the film an average grade of 'A-' on an A+ to F scale.of the gave it three-and-a-half out of four stars, calling Outbreak 's premise 'one of the great scare stories of our time, the notion that deep in the uncharted rain forests, deadly diseases are lurking, and if they ever escape their jungle homes and enter the human bloodstream, there will be a new plague the likes of which we have never seen.' Rita Kempley of also enjoyed the film's plot: ' Outbreak is an absolute hoot thanks primarily to director Wolfgang Petersen's rabid pacing and the great care he brings to setting up the story and its probability.' Wrote for magazine that although the opening scenes were well-done, 'somewhere in the middle. Outbreak falls off a cliff' and becomes 'lamely conventional'.
Of also found the film's subject compelling but its treatment ineffective: 'The film's shallowness also contributes to the impression that no problem is too thorny to be solved by movie heroics.' Awards.: – Best Supporting Actor (Won).: – Best Supporting Actor (Won) – Also includes Spacey's work in andReferences.
Walton, Priscilla L. University of Illinois Press.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 44 (20): 399. May 26, 1995.
Retrieved January 29, 2015. Haeseler, Rob (April 17, 1995). San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 14, 2012. D'Arc, James (2010). P. 297. Sandberg, Bryn Elise (April 2, 2019).
Retrieved April 4, 2019. Natale, Richard (March 13, 1995). Retrieved June 4, 2012. Natale, Richard (April 4, 1995).
Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 4, 2012. at. Haase, Christine (2007). Camden House. Retrieved March 19, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2020.
(March 10, 1995). Retrieved February 20, 2013.
Kempley, Rita (March 10, 1995). Retrieved February 20, 2013. (March 20, 1995). New York Magazine.
28 (12): 60. (March 10, 1995).
Retrieved January 29, 2015. New York Film Critics Circle. Retrieved July 18, 2012. Levy, Abraham (December 30, 1995). Retrieved December 17, 2010.
January 5, 1996. Retrieved January 29, 2015.External links Wikiquote has quotations related to:.
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